Dear friends welcome to this Arduino E-Paper display tutorial. In this video, we are going use this small e-paper display with Arduino for the first time and talk about its advantages and disadvantages.

Intro to the Arduino E-Paper Display Tutorial

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In this video, we are going use this small e-paper display with Arduino for the first time and talk about its advantages and disadvantages. This display is small, it is 1.54inch, and it is relatively inexpensive. It costs around 15$. I will post a link to it in the description below. I can hear you ask, is it really inexpensive? It costs 15$ and it is so small! You are right, it is very expensive for a tiny display like this, but you have to take in consideration that it is an e-paper display, and e-paper displays are expensive. For example this 4.3-inch e-paper display I reviewed a few years ago costs around $50!

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WHERE TO BUY
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1.54″ E-Paper: https://educ8s.tv/part/EPaper154

4.3″ E-Paper: https://educ8s.tv/part/EPaper43

Nokia 5110: https://educ8s.tv/part/NOKIA5110

Arduino Uno: https://educ8s.tv/part/ArduinoUno

ESP32: https://educ8s.tv/part/ESP32

ESP8266: https://educ8s.tv/part/D1Mini

STM32: https://educ8s.tv/part/STM32

Full disclosure: All of the links above are affiliate links. I get a small percentage of each sale they generate. Thank you for your support!

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For the first time, we now have access to smaller and cheaper e-paper displays. So, we can now build low-cost projects which will use e-paper displays! I am really excited about this. But why use an e-paper display in a project?

E-Paper or Electronic paper are displays that unlike traditional LCD or OLED displays does not emit light but reflect light. It is like the ink on the paper. This characteristic makes e-paper displays very comfortable to read, and they have excellent readability under direct sunlight. Another great thing about e-paper displays is that they can hold static text and images for months without electricity! Yes, that’s correct, the display can show text and images even when it is off! That makes e-paper displays ideal for low powered projects!

Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages as well. The price of e-paper display is still very high. Another significant disadvantage is that e-paper displays take a lot of time to update, as much as 2-3 seconds. So, they are only helpful for static text and images and not animations.

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LIBRARIES
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? Official Demo: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/1.54inch_e-Paper_Module

? GxEPD: https://github.com/ZinggJM/GxEPD

Let’s now see how to use this small e-paper display with Arduino. The display offers a resolution of 200×200 pixels which is great and it uses the SPI interface. It is a 3.3V display so Vcc must be connected to the 3.3V output of the Arduino Uno. The other pins of the display are 5V tolerant. The next pin is GND and it goes to GND. The third pin is named DIN and it goes to Digital Pin 11. The fourth pin is CLK and it goes to Digital Pin 13. The fifth pin (CS) goes to digital pin 10, the 6th pin to digital pin 9, the 7th pin to digital pin 8 and the last pin to digital pin 7. That’s it, we are now ready to load a sketch to the Arduino and watch the display in action.

At first I am going to use the example the company that produces this display offers. As you can see, this demo sketch uses 65% of the RAM memory of the Arduino Uno. The demo sketch displays some graphics and text, but in my opinion, the most important thing that it demonstrates is that it can update part of the display, without updating the whole display. This is very useful, because updating the whole display takes about 2 seconds and requires a lot of current. In contrast, updating part of the display is fast and it does not require a lot of current.

The biggest problem I face with this library is that it only supports a few fonts with very small size. This is the biggest font size we can use. So if we need to use a bigger font size we are out of luck since I haven’t found any way to design my own fonts yet.

There is another library available though, which uses the popular Adafruit GFX library which offers many great features like custom fonts. I developed a simple sketch using this library which displays a small poem of Cavafy, my favorite Greek poet. You can find a link to the code of this example in a link in the description below.

As you can see, even a small project like this one which only displays a few lines of text consumes 94% of the memory of the Arduino Uno. This library needs a lot of memory, so for bigger projects, we need to use another board with more memory like the ESP8266, the ESP32 or the STM32 board. Another disadvantage of this library is that the partial screen update does not work very well, yet.

It seems like the hardware is great, but it needs some time for the software for it to mature.

Let’s now measure the power consumption of the display. When the display is updating it needs a lot of current, but I was not able to measure exactly how much with this Multimeter. I think it peaks around 7-8 mAs for a few seconds but this might be wrong.  When the display is not updating it draws around 0.02mAs. This is so impressive! This is the display with the lowest power consumption I have ever seen. For comparison, the Nokia 5110 LCD display, my favorite low power display, uses around 0.4mA of current to operate. Of course, the Nokia 5110 does not need 2 seconds to update, and it does not require a lot of current to update. But, if we want a display that is going to be updated once every few minutes, this e-paper display is the best low-power solution we have right now!

As a final thought, I think this display is great! The impressive low power consumption it offers will enable us to build impressive battery powered projects. Imagine projects that can run on batteries for years! How cool is that? There were no displays like these in the past in the market. The big e-paper display that was available so far had an ARM processor in the back to drive it, so it needed around 4mAs of current when it was not updating. It was not battery friendly. Now, that we have a really low power e-paper display we can build some amazing projects. I am going to try to use it with the more advanced ESP32 board soon, and I will post another video, so stay tuned!

I would love to hear your opinion about this e-paper display. Are you going to use it in any of your projects? Do you think it is expensive for what it offers? Please post your ideas in the comments section below; I love reading your thoughts!

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CODE
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